Thus, the comparison of the known/unknown aspects of the two compared characters creates an effect that is similar to the "anti-gringo" theme (shown through Jean de Satigny) in Allende's House of the Spirits. Although not quite as blunt, San Roman's traits as an mysterious foreigner (accentuated through the comparison of Nasar) acts as a theme, proclaiming the necessary caution that should be implemented when dealing with foreigners. The consequences of overlooking this advice, as the novel makes clear, may result in murder.